Recall the Principle 4.3.1 theorem. If the net work done by external forces on an object is zero, then total mechanical energy (kinetic and potential) is conserved.
2.
Consider the two experiments described below. In each case, consider the system consisting of the apple and the Earth.
Experiment 1: You are initially holding an apple at rest a distance \(h\) above the ground, and you lower the apple and place it at rest on the ground.
Experiment 2: You are initially holding an apple at rest a distance \(h\) above the ground, and you drop the apple so that it is moving at speed \(v_f\) right before it hits the ground.
Which of the following statements is true about work and energy for these two experiments?
The work done by external forces is positive for both systems.
The change in total energy is positive for both systems.
The change in kinetic energy is positive for both systems.
The change in potential energy is negative for both systems.
Suppose you have two positive point charges separated by some distance. A few minutes later, you find that the distance between the two point charges has increased.
Do you think the potential energy of the system of both charges increased, decreased, or stayed the same? Explain your reasoning.
